which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

The medical model of mental illness treats mental disorders in the same way as a broken arm, i.e., there is thought to be a physical cause.. a. Perls. c. They explain outside influences and past events. 112. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the client's family structure, societal norms, and the client's roles in society. None of the models are complete within themselves. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: Psychology Today published a great article on January 21, 2013, which described four ways to change your thinking through cognitive restructuring. Check out the following from Harvard Health for more on depression and the brain as a cause: Other Books in the Discovering Psychology Series, Module 3: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Module 5: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders, Module 8: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, Module 9: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Module 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, Module 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Module 15: Contemporary Issues in Psychopathology, Instructor Resources Instructions - READ FIRST, 2.1. You immediately focus all of your energy on the financial implications of your partners departure and ways to save money. c. cognitive b. support the ideas of positive psychology. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. 80. d. people can inherit physical but not mental capacities. The biological treatment known as psychosurgery would MOST likely be used in the treatment of a patient with: a severe disorder and who has not responded to any other therapies over years of treatment. b. the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. Freud used three primary assessment techniquesfree association, transference, and dream analysisas part ofpsychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic therapy, to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. The patient continues but always reaches a point when he/she cannot or will not proceed any further. Dogs do not enter the world knowing to respond to the ringing of a bell (which it hears). What happens at the synapse during neural transmission? a. id b. superego c. self d. ego, 38. 21. It was fun for me to swim in a lake near my house as a child. Does extinction happen as soon as the anticipated reinforcer is removed? A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. Postconditioning, or after learning has occurred, establishes a new and not naturally occurring relationship of a conditioned stimulus (CS; previously the NS) and conditioned response (CR; the same response). b. humanistic-existential. d. latency stage. The room contains a highly prized toy, but they are told they cannot play with it. d. fixation. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. This led to a cognitive-behavioral perspective that combines concepts from the behavioral and cognitive models, the latter discussed in the next section. Likewise, if our action leads to dissatisfaction, then we will not repeat the same behavior in the future. 13. a. to lessen the power of thoughts b. to stop the client from comparing himself or herself to others c. to decrease internal negative self-talk d. to increase awareness of why the client behaves a certain way. Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine. a. modeling. The good thing is that what is learned can be unlearned or relearned through behavior modification, the process of changing behavior. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. All of the models include an element of the biological model. The cognitive model focuses on schemas, cognitive errors, attributions, and maladaptive cognitions and offers strategies such as CBT, cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance. 33. a. 132. In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. 26. With regard to assessing the effectiveness of the various models of abnormality, which model BEST lends itself to laboratory testing? The endocrine system moves slowly with hormones, released by endocrine glands, taking seconds, or even minutes, to reach their target. 140. Observational learning. For mental health professionals, models help us to understand mental illness since diseases such as depression cannot be touched or experienced firsthand. b. a biological predisposition is the primary factor leading to abnormality. Models aid us with doing all of this. Before introducing the current main models, it is crucial to understand what a model is. a. psychodynamic b. sociocultural c. cognitive-behavioral d. humanistic-existential, 9. Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. Chapter 3 Flashcards by Burton Dwight | Brainscape A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: a. prevent feelings of anger and acts of aggression. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. d. special external pressures faced by members of a culture. Hmm. The critical thing to understand here is that there is a belief in the realm of mental health that chemical imbalances are responsible for many mental disorders. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a "here and now" orientation, are _____ therapists. Second, transference is the process through which patients transfer attitudes he/she held during childhood to the therapist. d. a severe disorder and who has not responded to any other therapies over years of treatment. When a young child yells and throws toys (i.e., throws a temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. a. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic-existential c. psychodynamic d. cognitive. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. 72. Finally, the individual either imagines (systematic) or experiences in real life (in-vivo) each object or scenario from the hierarchy and uses the relaxation technique while doing so. If the rat pushes the lever again sometime in the future and food is delivered, the behavior spontaneously recovers. To be considered distinct from other conditions, a mental illness must have its own set of symptoms. Finally, acceptance techniques help reduce a clients worry and anxiety. After you perform poorly on the exam, you blame your professor. b. drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment. B) chemical imbalances and brain damage. Another respondent conditioning way to unlearn a fear is called flooding or exposing the person to the maximum level of stimulus and as nothing aversive occurs, the link between CS and UCS producing the CR of fear should break, leaving the person unafraid. as part of their daily life and this can lead to disordered behavior (Lo & Cheng, 2014; Jones, Cross, & DeFour, 2007; Satcher, 2001), though some research suggests that ethnic identity can buffer against these stressors and protect mental health (Mossakowski, 2003). Finally, assertiveness training aids the client in protecting their rights and obtaining what they want from others. A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences, and that no symptom or behavior is accidental. Notice how the line has dropped below -70mV. And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. WebMD adds, Experts believe many mental illnesses are linked to abnormalities in many genes rather than just one or a few and that how these genes interact with the environment is unique for every person (even identical twins). d. propositions. The nervous system moves quickly with nerve impulses moving in a few hundredths of a second. Breuer made daily visits and allowed her to share stories from her private theater, which she came to call talking cure or chimney sweeping. Many of the stories she shared were actually thoughts or events she found troubling and reliving them helped to relieve or eliminate the symptoms. Freud considered the talking cure of Anna O. to be the origin of psychoanalytic therapy and what would come to be called the cathartic method. 3. The pairing must occur more than once so that needless pairings are not learned such as someone farting right before your food comes out and now you salivate whenever someone farts (at least for a while. These words have no affective connotation to them, meaning they do not imply good or bad. Females are at higher risk for developing an anxiety disorder than men. c. Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures. d. lend itself easily to research. The Structure of the Nervous System. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. A person with a controlling mother is getting help. First, the response is made, and nothing happens. d. people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. For more on the link between cortisol and depression, check out this article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201301/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1. You are doing your best. c. alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors. There is no need to learn it again, as in the case of primary reinforcers and punishers in operant conditioning. 46. The child learns to interact with others without yelling. Her symptoms appeared as she cared for her dying father, and her mother called on Breuer to diagnosis her condition (note that Freud never actually treated her). How is the anatomy of the brain important to a discussion of psychopathology? The peripheral nervous system consists of everything outside the brain and spinal cord. d. humanistic. 130. Describe commonly used treatments for mental illness. Consider hunger, and the associated rumbling of our stomach, fatigue, lack of energy, etc., that motivates us to find and eat food. 94. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: a. social labels and roles. She interprets this to mean that the hospital is a threatening place because it's filled with dangerous diseases. 119. Genetic issues and explanations. Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? c. conclusions drawn by research scientists. Hypnosis was used at first and relieved her symptoms, as it had done for many patients (See Module 1). Step 6 Please note that this process is cyclical. b. operant conditioning. Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. Participants have similar issues. 2.2.1.6. Since you dont have time, you decide to study only for the classes in which the teacher provided a study guide. c. enmeshed. She published many short stories; a play called Womens Rights, in which she criticized the economic and sexual exploitation of women; and wrote a book in 1900 called The Jewish Problem in Galicia, in which she blamed the poverty of the Jews of Eastern Europe on their lack of education. Examples of secondary punishers include a ticket for speeding, losing television or video game privileges, ridicule, or a fee for paying your rent or credit card bill late. d. genes. 2.2.2.2. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: replace problematic behaviors with more appropriate ones. b. Existentialists believe that research isnt necessary, because the effectiveness of existential therapy is already apparent due to its widespread success. The perspective is overly precise. There are two main ways they can present themselves.

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